(2) The closely allied matter suggesting that one author refers to, or criticises, the other; (3) The impression regarding their relative position gathered from the general treatment of the subject-matter and from their respective styles as also from the picture of the literary state of the age; and (4) Arguments ex silentio, There is a good number of verses in the Kavyadarsa of Dandin on one hand and the Kavyalaṁkāra of Bhamaha on the other, which are either identical or very similar in phraseology." The verbal resemblance is so striking that the idea of its being merely accidental cannot be entertained. Since the two authors were not the pioneers in the field, there is the possibility of their having drawn upon some common source. In some cases, however, the fact of borrowing by one author from the other seems to be more than evident. But, this being admitted, scholars are not unanimous as to which of the two writers is the person indebted. One of such verses runs thus : यद्य या मम गोविन्द जाता स्वयि गृहागते । कालेनैषा भवेत् प्रीतिस्तवैवागमनात्पुनः ॥ The verse occurs in both the authors as an example of preyas. K. P. Trivedi thought that Dandin was the borrower here, because, he argued, while Bhāmaha quotes his authorities invariably and cites exam- ples of his own composition as he himself claims, Dandin does not acknowledge the source of his borrowing as in the case of limpatīva etc. But, apart from the fact that Bhamaha's text is too defective to be solely reliable and that his said claim is not fully justified, Bhāmaha in fact does not recognise the poetic figure, preyas, along with some other figures, and simply refers to it as having been enumerated by others. We can naturally 1. See App. VII 2. Cp. KA II. 276; BKAI, III. 5 3. BKAI. II. 96; cp. Medhävin, II. 40, 88; Rāmaśarman, II. 19, 58; Sakhavardhana, II. 47; Räjamitra, II. 45; III. 10; cp. Trivedi : IA, xlii (1913), pp. 261-4 4. KA II. 226; cp. above, ch. II. He, however, expresses his indebtedness in a general way to the usages of early writers; cp. KA I. 2 5. Cp, Kane: HSP pp. 86, 109 6. See BKAI. III. 1-4
