Poison

Belladonna, n.: In Italian a beautiful lady; in English a deadly poison. A striking example of the essential identity of the two tongues. ~ Ambrose Bierce

For the rock band, see Poison (band).

Poisons are substances that can cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism. In medicine (particularly veterinary) and in zoology, a poison is often distinguished from a toxin and a venom. Toxins are poisons produced via some biological function in nature, and venoms are usually defined as biological toxins that are injected by a bite or sting to cause their effect, while other poisons are generally defined as substances which are absorbed through epithelial linings such as the skin or gut.

Quotes

• Belladonna, n.: In Italian a beautiful lady; in English a deadly poison. A striking example of the essential identity of the two tongues.
  • Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary

• What's one man's poison, signior,
  Is another's meat or drink.
  • Beaumont and Fletcher, Love's Cure (c. 1612–13; revised c. 1625; published 1647), Act III, scene 2. Same in Lucretius, IV. 627.

• I wanna taste you but your lips are venomous poison
  You're poison running through my veins
  You're poison I don't wanna break these chains
  • Alice Cooper, Poison, (July 1989)

• One probable hindrance to the adoption of chemical weapons by the United States was the Army’s Chief of Ordnance, Brigadier General James W. Ripley, who was notoriously hostile toward new weapons. Moreover, the use of poisons in war was commonly considered unethical, and an 1863 directive from the U.S. War Department (the “Lieber Code”) barred their use. Yet, just as some Northerners might have agreed with a snuff proponent from Vermont that “any mode of Warfare is honorable in putting down open rebellion,” some Southerners might have concurred with the Mississippian who argued that using strychnine and arsenic was justified against a foe “whose whole and sole aim is our destruction.” John Doughty considered the moral question of using chlorine and “arrived at the somewhat paradoxical conclusion, that its introduction would very much lessen the sanguinary character of the battlefield, and at the same time render conflicts more decisive in their results.” Confederate incendiaries expert John Cheves disapproved of poisoning and favored “stifling” the enemy “with the materials ordinarily used in war” as “more consonant with the spirit of the age” and “more practicable and quite as effectual.” He argued, “There is as much difference between poisoning and stifling as there is between throwing dust in a man’s eyes & putting his eyes out yet where only momentary blindness is wanted the first will do as well as the last.”
  • Guy R. Hasegawa, "Proposals for Chemical Weapons during the American Civil War", Military Medicine, 173, 5:499, 2008, pp. 503-504.

• Better be poisoned in one's own blood then to be poisoned in one's principle.
  • Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan As quoted by Governor Barnett's Declaration to the Profile of Mississippi Broadcast via TV and Radio. Sep. 13, 1962 without citation and in An unknown legend of India: A bharat ratna By Gaurav Pundeer

• In response to Tacky’s Rebellion in 1760 in Jamaica, the colony’s House of Assembly passed a law naming a new crime, “obeah.” This important statute led the way in establishing obeah as a phenomenon understood by colonial authorities as a singular and dangerous problem. Investigating the Jamaica assembly’s decision within a wider Caribbean and Atlantic context and alongside the near-contemporaneous “Makandal conspiracy” in Saint Domingue, which was interpreted by French planters as a mass outbreak of poisoning, shows how similar practices came to be interpreted and constructed in different ways in different colonial cultures. The practices used by Tacky’s “obeah man” and Makandal’s followers were conceptually and practically similar, deriving from African understandings of medicine in which substances could be imbued with spiritual power. Why, then, did the French colonists emphasize poison while the British emphasized obeah (which they glossed with the term “witchcraft”)?
  • Diana Paton, “Witchcraft, Poison, Law, and Atlantic Slavery”, The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 2 (April 2012), pp. 235

• Son, I don't have money even to buy poison. Please help –
  • Dadasaheb Phalke in a letter to his son Bhalchandra in late 1930s, quoted in "Dadasaheb Phalke's family wants Bharat Ratna for him". Hindustan Times. 27 April 2013. Retrieved on 26 December 2013.

• Worry is the stomach's worst poison.
  • Alfred Nobel "Aphorisms", Nobelprize.org

• All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.
  • Paracelsus "Die dritte Defension wegen des Schreibens der neuen Rezepte," Septem Defensiones 1538. Werke Bd. 2, Darmstadt 1965, p. 510 (full text)

• There is thy gold; worse poison to men's souls,
  Doing more murder in this loathsome world
  Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell.
  • William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, (1597), Act V, scene 1.

• Let me have
  A dram of poison, such soon-speeding gear
  As will disperse itself through all the veins
  That the life-weary taker may fall dead
  And that the trunk may be discharg'd of breath
  As violently as hasty powder fir'd
  Doth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb.
  • William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (1597), Act V, scene 1, line 59.

Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations

Quotes reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 609-10.

• Vipera Cappadocem nocitura mormordit; at illa Gustato peril sanguine Cappadocis.
  • A deadly echidna once bit a Cappadocian; she herself died, having tasted the Poison-flinging blood.
  • Demodocus, translation of his Greek Epigram.

• Un gros serpent mordit Aurèle.
  Que croyez-vous qu'il arriva?
  Qu' Aurèle en mourut? Bagatelle!
  Ce fut le serpent qui creva.
  • In a manuscript commonplace book, written probably at end of 18th Cen. See Notes and Queries. March 30, 1907, p. 246.

• Hier auprès de Charenton
  Un serpent morait Jean Fréron,
  Que croyez-vous qu'il arriva?
  Ce fut le serpent qui creva.
  • Imitation from the Greek. Found also in Œuvres Complèts de Voltaire, III, p. 1002. (1817). Printed as Voltaire's; attributed to Piron; claimed for Fréron.

• The man recover'd of the bite,
  The dog it was that died.
  • Oliver Goldsmith, Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog. Same idea in Manasses—Fragmenta. Ed. Boissonade. I. 323. (1819).

• While Fell was reposing himself in the hay,
  A reptile concealed bit his leg as he lay;
  But, all venom himself, of the wound he made light,
  And got well, while the scorpion died of the bite.
  • Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Paraphrase of Demodocus.

• All men carry about them that which is poyson to serpents: for if it be true that is reported, they will no better abide the touching with man's spittle than scalding water cast upon them: but if it happen to light within their chawes or mouth, especially if it come from a man that is fasting, it is present death.
  • Pliny the Elder, Natural History, Book VII, Chapter II. Holland's translation.

• In gährend Drachengift hast du
  Die Milch der frommen Denkart mir verwandelt.
  • To rankling poison hast thou turned in me the milk of human kindness.
  • Friedrich Schiller, Wilhelm Tell, IV. 3. 3.

• Venenum in auro bibitur.
  • Poison is drunk out of gold.
  • Seneca the Younger, Thyestes, Act III. 453.

• Talk no more of the lucky escape of the head
  From a flint so unhappily thrown;
  I think very different from thousands; indeed
  'Twas a lucky escape for the stone.
  • John Wolcot (Peter Pindar), On a Stone thrown at George III.

External links

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
• American Association of Poison Control Centers
• American College of Medical Toxicology
• Find Your Local Poison Control Centre Here (Worldwide)
• Poison Prevention and Education Website
• Cochrane Injuries Group, Systematic reviews on the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of traumatic injury (including poisoning)
• Pick Your Poison—12 Toxic Tales by Cathy Newman